How optics work. Device and principle of operation.
Optical fiber data transmission is carried out using light - as you know - one of the fastest matter in the universe. the electrical signal of the copper cable passes through a special converter and turns into light. Each fiber optic is like a glass tube in a mirror tube. ( Polymer of different density. For example 9/125 microns ) Light, penetrating into it, is reflected from the junction of the vein boundaries and flies farther and farther. At the end of the journey, it is received by the receiving device and converted back into an electrical signal fiber splicing job.
However, fiber optic data transmission is slower than the speed of light (~ 1 billion km / h). This is because microlasers used to transmit light through optical fibers do not produce light at that speed. And also due to losses due to refraction of rays.
The decay rate of the signal in the fiber differs depending on the type of fiber. So a multimode cable ( 50/125, 62/125 ) allows you to transmit a signal for 2-3 kilometers without significant losses. Singlemode cable ( 9/125 ) - works at a distance of up to 10 km. Most likely, a lot depends on the material used in the manufacture of cables. The lengths shown are for modern polymer cables. Most likely, a core of a denser material will allow light to be transmitted over longer distances. Also, it all depends on the signal source. Accordingly, the more powerful it is, the further the light will "fly".
fiber optic cable
What is fiber optic for? The advantages of an optical cable.
Fiber optic is used in many industries - as well as in everyday life. First, the optical cable is a dielectric, which makes it safe for data transmission in oil refineries and other explosive sites.
Secondly, for the same reason, optics accumulate very little static electricity. The values are so small that they are not even taken into account. Accordingly, fiber optic cables can be used in networks at various high voltage facilities.
Fiber optic cables can be laid in water, in the ground in an aggressive environment - using special sheaths. However, the main purpose of optics is to transmit data over long distances.
On the border of the possibilities of an optical cable, a special device is installed - a repeater, which increases the distance by another length. When connecting optical fibers, optical couplings are used in which the fibers are spliced together.
Now, with the cost of a meter of optics equal to the cost of a twisted pair, we can talk about the construction of networks entirely on it. But this does not mean that its installation can be entrusted to low-skilled installers.
Fiber optic cable laying and installation.
Usually, in any company that installs cable optical networks, a separate team, or even a whole department, is engaged in designing the installation of optical networks. This is due to various features of the installation of optics.
For example, an optical cable cannot be bent at angles less than 110-120 degrees. It is advisable to install optical fiber in a corrugated pipe - due to the low strength of a conventional optical cable. It is not difficult to break it.
Most often, the optics are laid in a separate channel. And so on - there are quite a few such subtleties of work when working with such cables. In addition, the fiber optic connection method and termination deserves a separate section.
The cable is terminated with special connectors - connectors. There are several types of them.
types and types of optical connectors
Fiber optic cable welding
To connect ( weld ) optical cables, you need a special expensive device - a welding machine. The cost of a quality device starts from 150,000 rubles. Now the market is flooded with inexpensive Chinese solutions for 30-40 thousand rubles, but the use of such devices produces low-quality connections. In addition, such devices quickly fail.
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