Cisco CCNA About Switching and Wireless LAN

The target audience

Students who have completed the training will be able not only to get a theoretical base, but also to learn the skills necessary for further work in practice. Also, students can directly contact the trainers and count on the help of the curators.

Purpose of the event cisco wireless certified

Cisco International Academy offers training (courses) Cisco Kiev on the specialization of "Switching and Wireless LAN". Obtaining the certificate of this learning platform based on SEDICOMM University will prepare you for the CCNA industrial certification exam. Professional lecturers will give you all the knowledge you need for successful employment.

Program

The training is equally well suited for beginners and those who have built a career in the IT field.

Features of the training program

Regardless of the basic training of the student, Cisco training (courses) Kiev will help deepen existing knowledge or learn specialization from scratch. They will tell in detail about:

LAN design;

configuring the switch;

VLANs and routing between them;

implementation of VTP;

Spanning Tree implementations

setting up a wireless router.

All Kiev training (courses) Cisco are conducted online. Lectures are held twice a week.

Additional Information

You don't need to study for several years to get a high-paying job in an international company. It is enough to pass trainings (online courses) Cisco Kiev at the Cisco Academy. After studying all the necessary materials and passing the exam, each student is guaranteed employment. You can change your life for the better now!

Each student gets access to multimedia study guides that will deeply study the necessary material. According to statistics, 100% of trained students receive prestigious positions. Detailed information can be obtained on the official website of the online university.

The device and principle of operation of a fiber-optic cable

How optics work. Device and principle of operation.

Optical fiber data transmission is carried out using light - as you know - one of the fastest matter in the universe. the electrical signal of the copper cable passes through a special converter and turns into light. Each fiber optic is like a glass tube in a mirror tube. ( Polymer of different density. For example 9/125 microns ) Light, penetrating into it, is reflected from the junction of the vein boundaries and flies farther and farther. At the end of the journey, it is received by the receiving device and converted back into an electrical signal fiber splicing job.

However, fiber optic data transmission is slower than the speed of light (~ 1 billion km / h). This is because microlasers used to transmit light through optical fibers do not produce light at that speed. And also due to losses due to refraction of rays.

The decay rate of the signal in the fiber differs depending on the type of fiber. So a multimode cable ( 50/125, 62/125 ) allows you to transmit a signal for 2-3 kilometers without significant losses. Singlemode cable ( 9/125 ) - works at a distance of up to 10 km. Most likely, a lot depends on the material used in the manufacture of cables. The lengths shown are for modern polymer cables. Most likely, a core of a denser material will allow light to be transmitted over longer distances. Also, it all depends on the signal source. Accordingly, the more powerful it is, the further the light will "fly".

fiber optic cable

What is fiber optic for? The advantages of an optical cable.

Fiber optic is used in many industries - as well as in everyday life. First, the optical cable is a dielectric, which makes it safe for data transmission in oil refineries and other explosive sites.

Secondly, for the same reason, optics accumulate very little static electricity. The values ​​are so small that they are not even taken into account. Accordingly, fiber optic cables can be used in networks at various high voltage facilities.

Fiber optic cables can be laid in water, in the ground in an aggressive environment - using special sheaths. However, the main purpose of optics is to transmit data over long distances.

On the border of the possibilities of an optical cable, a special device is installed - a repeater, which increases the distance by another length. When connecting optical fibers, optical couplings are used in which the fibers are spliced ​​together.

Now, with the cost of a meter of optics equal to the cost of a twisted pair, we can talk about the construction of networks entirely on it. But this does not mean that its installation can be entrusted to low-skilled installers.

Fiber optic cable laying and installation.

Usually, in any company that installs cable optical networks, a separate team, or even a whole department, is engaged in designing the installation of optical networks. This is due to various features of the installation of optics.

For example, an optical cable cannot be bent at angles less than 110-120 degrees. It is advisable to install optical fiber in a corrugated pipe - due to the low strength of a conventional optical cable. It is not difficult to break it.

Most often, the optics are laid in a separate channel. And so on - there are quite a few such subtleties of work when working with such cables. In addition, the fiber optic connection method and termination deserves a separate section.

The cable is terminated with special connectors - connectors. There are several types of them.

types and types of optical connectors

Fiber optic cable welding

To connect ( weld ) optical cables, you need a special expensive device - a welding machine. The cost of a quality device starts from 150,000 rubles. Now the market is flooded with inexpensive Chinese solutions for 30-40 thousand rubles, but the use of such devices produces low-quality connections. In addition, such devices quickly fail.

Hyperconvergence is the future of data centers

IT budgets in organizations typically do not grow as fast as the requirements for the speed of deploying new applications and expanding existing ones. The solution is to redirect attention and human resources from the details of data center implementation to the applications themselves, which are closer to business. This can be done in several ways, and a public cloud that saves costs (not only) through economies of scale can be one of them.

When you look for the number and volume of technology company acquisitions, Cisco ranks second in both categories, number one in volume (1991-2018). Not surprisingly, it is often possible to hear the misconception that acquisitions are the only way for Cisco to secure evolutionary benefits in technology armaments.

The "California" or "Unified Computing System" (Cisco UCS) project is a product of Cisco's rich internal development. Hyperflex is another stage of development of the new architecture, which began in 2009 and completely changed the architecture of data centers cisco one data center.

The concept of architecture is crucial here, because UCS is not "another server from Cisco", but a system based on the idea of ​​"Stateless computing". It abstracts the configuration of the server and its LAN and SAN connectivity from the hardware. The content of the term server in this case is not something physical, but a complete definition of the configuration, including unique identifiers such as MAC, WWPN, UUID, zoning and others in the tool "UCS Manager".

UCS Manager is home to flash memory in a device called Fabric Interconnect, which is not only the center of management for up to 20 chassis or 160 servers, but also the central link for LAN and SAN connectivity. If you know the Nexus family of data center switches, then you can start from a simple equation: UCS Manager software + Nexus hardware = Fabric Interconnect.

The counterpart of Fabric Interconnect in the blade server is the Cisco VIC (Virtual Interface Card) and IO module, which not only take care of connectivity, but also integrate the management of the relevant part of the solution. The chassis of the UCS therefore only serves for power and cooling, which means that it lasts a really long time.

Should UCS Manager, with its clear and fast HTML5 interface (or perhaps an API?) Be an insufficient tool for you, you can solve your demands for managing multiple data centers with UCS Central. Alternatively, you can also use UCS Director if you are building a cloud-like environment and require a very high degree of automation.

Yes, the physical server is what we pay the least attention to in Cisco's server solution, everything interesting has moved to the software. The great thing is that you can try UCS without having to buy it, just download the UCS Platform Emulator.

How from UCS to hyperconvergence (HCI)?

Hyperconvergence is usually defined by the integration of compute, network, storage, hypervisor parts of the data center and, above all, their management from one place. This definition is not entirely clear and is therefore interpreted differently.

Does the compute and management part include, for example, the firmware of individual server components, in other words, I would like a simple solution for rolling upgrades of all components? Does the network part include physical networking, not just software? Storage also includes configuring the access of a hyperconverged solution to my existing storage, so I want the solution to be integratable with the existing infrastructure and not create another separate force?

And what about manufacturer support? Does it make sense for me to have a single point for such a solution, where will I turn with all the problems, without managing cases and ensuring communication from more than one manufacturer? In my opinion, the answer to all four questions is unequivocally yes.

Hyperconverged solutions integrate the above to save us time and human resources. The administration department, albeit only a few parts, goes against this principle. Some manufacturers highlight a purely software solution - that is, you can use any element as the underlying hardware. If you go this route, the customer or partner is responsible for performance and compatibility. But how to ensure compatibility and the necessary performance? Ha! I will use validated solutions, but this narrows the term "arbitrary" somewhat. In addition, it does not solve all these problems by far, and so we get to a certain extent again to the disadvantages of converged data centers.

Of course, different approaches may suit different customers, and the single best probably doesn't exist. As you may have guessed, Cisco has taken a different path in meeting those who demand maximum simplicity, and the answer to these HCI requirements is Cisco Hyperflex.

UCS combines computer, networking, and management - Cisco is the only vendor to integrate physical networking into HCI. The same is true for Hyperflex, we only lack storage that is provided by HX data platform software, which is a distributed scale-out file system developed specifically for Hyperflex:

Out-of-box allows fast clones, instant creation and deletion of snapshots without affecting performance

Compression and deduplication on small blocks. This makes this file system highly space efficient, and if you require the maximum amount of compression, these calculations can be accelerated by FPGA cards.

Data overwriting uses available free space and is written when there is enough data to write to reduce the number of IO operations and increase performance.

No need to move data when migrating VMs, the file system is designed so that any node can read from any part of storage without losing performance

It uses the fastest possible access to writes, data is captured and distributed immediately, not after being written to the local node

Optional 2 × or 3 × replication factor

Automatic repair, tracking and rebalancing

HX Data Platform is therefore a modern file system, directly designed for hyperconvergence. In addition, it does not require the use of only converged nodes. If you do not need more space, but only computing power, only compute nodes can be extended.

Typical functions of a systems analyst

Analyze hardware and software issues and develop technical solutions 

Translate user or system requirements and data into functional technical specifications 

Write and update systems documentation, including user manuals and technical manuals 

Act as a liaison between developers and users to ensure technical compatibility and meet the needs of both parties 

Intervene on the ergonomics and design of the site computer systems analyst

Advise developers and graphic designers

Bac +3: BTS electrotechnics

Bac +5: engineering school

Training

Bac +2: BTS, DUT, DEUG

Degree 4

A novice system analyst will be hired without experience if he has a bac +4. If he holds a bac +2, two years of experience will be required.

Professional skills

Have a perfect knowledge of operating systems.

Know the methods, standards and development tools.

Master safety standards and procedures.

Have the technical and functional knowledge of the applications in place.

Master the technologies related to the Internet.

Profile

Sense of thoroughness and method

Reactivity

High availability

Great adaptability

Ability to write

Can an AWS Certified Solution Architect - Professional Certification get me a job at Amazon in the US?

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Data center types

There are many types of data processing and service models available. Their classification depends on whether they belong to one or more organizations, how they are connected (and whether they are connected at all) with the topology of other data centers, what technologies they use for computing and storage, and even what level of energy efficiency they have. Data centers are divided into four main types: cisco data centers

Enterprise data centers

These data centers are company-owned, company-owned, and optimized for their end users. Most often they are placed on the corporate campus.

Data centers with managed services

These data centers are operated by a third party (or managed service provider) on behalf of the company. The company does not buy, but leases equipment and infrastructure.

Co-located data centers

In co-located data centers, a company rents space in a data center that is owned by another organization and located outside the company's site. A co-located datacenter houses the infrastructure: building, cooling, bandwidth, security, and more, while the company provides and controls components, including servers, storage, and firewalls.

Cloud data centers

These types of data centers are not located at physical sites. Data and applications are hosted by a cloud provider such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft (Azure), IBM Cloud, or another public cloud provider.

Learn more about data centers and the future for them and your network.

Infrastructure Evolution: From Mainframes to Cloud Applications

Computing infrastructure has experienced three major waves of evolution over the past 65 years.

The first wave was characterized by the shift from proprietary mainframes to x86-based servers located on site and administered by its IT department.

The second wave was characterized by widespread virtualization of infrastructure with application support. This allowed for more efficient use of resources and distribution of workloads across the physical infrastructure.

The third wave that we are seeing today is characterized by the transition to cloud computing, hybrid clouds and native cloud applications. The latter concept describes applications that are created and used in the cloud.

Distributed network of applications

The evolutionary process led to the emergence of the so-called distributed computing. This means that data and applications are distributed across disparate systems that are aggregated and integrated using network services and interoperability standards and ultimately function as a single environment. For this reason, the term "data center" is now used to refer to the department in an organization that is responsible for these systems, regardless of where they are located.

Organizations have several options: they can build and maintain their own  hybrid cloud data centers , rent space to host their facilities, leverage shared computing and storage resources, or use services that run on the public cloud. Thus, applications are no longer deployed to one location today. They run on multiple public and private clouds, hosted third-party sites, and traditional environments. In the era of multicloud, data centers have grown and become more sophisticated and equipped with everything you need to get the most out of your user experience.

CCNA Routing and Switching. Part 1 - Introduction to Networking

About the program

The CCNA Routing and Switching (Cisco Certified Routing and Switching) curriculum consists of 4 parts: ccnp routing and switching

Introduction to networking

Routing and Switching Principles

Scaling networks

Consolidation of networks

After completing the two parts, students will be prepared to take the ICND1 (100-105) international exam for the Cisco CCENT (Cisco Certified Networking Technician) certification.

After passing all four parts - to pass the second exam ICND2 (200-105) or the unified CCNA exam (200-125) in order to obtain the certificate "CCNA Routing and Switching".

Target audience of the course

The training program is designed for anyone seeking an entry-level position in the information and communication technology field and planning to pursue a career in this field.

The CCNA Routing and Switching program covers networking issues from the basics to complex configurations and provides opportunities for hands-on experience and professional development of the business community.

This program is suitable for students from a wide range of educational backgrounds, including high school students, university students, college students, and vocational school students.

About the first part of the "Introduction to Networks" course

The introductory part of the CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum provides a basic understanding of the architecture, structure, functionality, and components of the computer network and the Internet.

This part deals with the principles and structure of IP-addressing, the basic concepts of data transmission networks, Ethernet.

After completing the first part, students will be able to create simple local networks, carry out basic configuration of routers and switches, as well as independently design IP addressing schemes.

Upon completion of the introductory portion of the course, you will have gained all the knowledge you need to successfully complete the next portion of the Routing and Switching Principles course.

Program of the first part of the course "Introduction to the network"

The introductory part includes 11 chapters on topics:

Study of the network.

Setting up a network operating system.

Network protocols and connections.

Network access level.

Ethernet technology.

Network layer.

Transport layer.

IP addressing.

Dividing an IP network into subnets.

Application level.

It's a network.

Voice and Data using two ports

One solution is to run a second LAN drop to each cubicle. This is the simplest solution from the networking perspective: ccna voice

Voice VLAN – Auxiliary VLAN – Two Ports

One port is dedicated to carrying Data traffic, the other is dedicated to carrying Voice traffic. They are distinguished on the Switch using a simple access port in two different VLANs (the Data VLAN and the Voice VLAN):

Configurationshow runshow vlan brief

Switch(config)# vlan 22

Switch(config-vlan)# name DATA

Switch(config)# vlan 33

Switch(config-vlan)# name VOICE

Switch(config)# interface ethernet0/0

Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 22

Switch(config)# interface ethernet0/1

Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan 33

Most modern office buildings now include multiple ports at each cubicle in order to account for multiple devices that need to be connected to the corporate network. Unfortunately, this wasn’t always an option for office’s which were not recently built.

Voice and Data using one port

A lot of older office build outs, which already only have one LAN drop at each cubicle, simply cannot afford the additional cost or delays to pay another technician to crawl through all the ceilings and walls to run another LAN drop to each cubicle. Which means the cubicles are limited to a single LAN drop per employee.

VOIP phone manufacturers were able to foresee this problem, and created another solution built right into the VOIP phones themselves.

The majority of VOIP phones come with two Ethernet ports: One meant to face the wall jack (and subsequently, the corporate LAN), the other meant to face a PC:

Voice VLAN – Auxiliary VLAN – Back of VOIP Phone

Using these two ports, the PC can be connected to the phone, and the phone can subsequently be connected to the single wall jack. This allows both devices to share a single wall jack.

Voice VLAN – Auxiliary VLAN – One Port for two VLANs

The key is how to configure the switch, as now the single port will be receiving both Voice and Data traffic. We’ve already determined that Voice and Data traffic must be confined to distinct VLANs, but now both types of traffic are arriving on a single port.

There are two solutions: One solution is to configure the port as a Trunk port. The other is to make use of the Auxiliary VLAN (or Voice VLAN) feature. Both solutions are discussed and compared below.

Voice and Data using a Trunk port and the Native VLAN

Traditionally, if you want to carry traffic for multiple VLANs on a single port, you would configure a Trunk port.

This would allow traffic for multiple VLANs to traverse the single link. But typically traffic on trunk ports require tagging to distinguish which bits belong to one VLAN and which bits belong to another VLAN.

VOIP phones have the capacity to send and understand 802.1q VLAN tags, and can therefore be configured to send a VLAN tag for all the Voice traffic.

PC’s, as we’ve already discussed, only send untagged traffic. As such, the switch must have a way to associate the received untagged traffic on the trunk port to a particular VLAN. This is the exact purpose of the Native VLAN.

Therefore, in order to properly configure a single port to accommodate both a Voice and Data VLAN, you must first configure the interface as a Trunk port, then configure the Data VLAN as the Native VLAN:

Why call on this type of company?

More professionals are now seeking the intervention of an engineering consulting company to support them in the development of their projects. Unlike other types of companies , this one has the assets and the means which make it possible to bring real added value.

Increase its efficiency

The gain in efficiency and responsiveness is an asset that many companies want to have in order to master their sector. By calling on a consulting firm specializing in engineering, they become more able to: freelance engineering

Optimize their productivity;

Maintain a permanent technological watch;

Develop their notoriety and stand out.

Invest in technology

Engineering and consulting companies are among the most advanced structures in the technological field . From their creation , a large number of companies rely on their professionalism. Their capacity for innovation and their ability to significantly reduce risks are two assets that justify companies' confidence in their expertise.

Improve your performance

The ability of a company to meet the demands of its customers determines its revenue intake . Several parameters can lower the productivity of a company. Most of these issues are technical:

Obsolete material and equipment;

Lack of or lack of maintenance of machines dedicated to production;

Obsolescence of an information system.

Recourse to the intervention of a company specializing in consulting and engineering helps companies to increase their output by acquiring more sophisticated equipment and more efficient tools .

Generate new sources of income

The engineering consultant is able to:

Meet the needs to increase performance;

Stay on the lookout for technical innovations;

Increase efficiency.

However, he is able to help companies to multiply their sources of income thanks to the many innovations he brings in various technical fields and to his consulting know-how. This gives it the ability to detect business opportunities and analyze their feasibility while reducing risks.

The subject of engineering and scientific subjects for engineering objects

It is necessary to distinguish between the subject of engineering itself (engineering) and subjects that study the objects of engineering - mechanics, electrical, computer science, etc. Engineering (including systems engineering) describes how engineers work. Engineering science describes what people do in an engineering project. Other subjects and other sciences describe the behavior of engineering objects, how they work: mechanical devices, electrical circuits, computer programs what is engineering.

The easiest way to understand the difference between such a “science about an engineering object” and engineering itself is the example of computer science and software engineering. In the blog there was a wonderful story, how its author, an excellent student in computer science, went after university to conquer a foreign software company. But there they explained to him literally in two days that he (maybe) knows how to program, but absolutely does not know how to work: he had to figure out how the requirements were drawn up, it was necessary to write not so much some cunning algorithm as a patch to already the written code for a million lines, and the right place for the patch in this code had to be found somehow, besides that, it was necessary to understand the configuration management (versioning), the change management system, to establish relations with managers and testers, to understand the essence of the methodology adopted in the project development, etc. - at the same time, they did not teach anything of this in the university. The work turned out to be completely different from what was taught: a huge amount of time is spent on communicating with colleagues, and not on “thinking”, the time for solving the problem is not “how much is needed”, but “how much is allotted by the schedule”. They learned computer science (keywords: algorithm, estimation of the algorithm execution speed, notation, grammar, relational data model) and did not learn software engineering (keywords: requirements, architecture, testing, changes, maintenance). Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself. the time for solving the problem is not “how much is needed”, but “how much is given by the schedule”. They learned computer science (keywords: algorithm, estimation of the algorithm execution speed, notation, grammar, relational data model) and did not learn software engineering (keywords: requirements, architecture, testing, changes, maintenance). Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself. the time for solving the problem is not “how much is needed”, but “how much is given by the schedule”. They learned computer science (keywords: algorithm, estimation of the algorithm execution speed, notation, grammar, relational data model) and did not learn software engineering (keywords: requirements, architecture, testing, changes, maintenance). Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself. algorithm execution speed estimation, notation, grammar, relational data model) and did not learn software engineering (keywords: requirements, architecture, testing, changes, maintenance). Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself. algorithm execution speed estimation, notation, grammar, relational data model) and did not learn software engineering (keywords: requirements, architecture, testing, changes, maintenance). Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself. Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself. Likewise, a mechanical engineer may be taught to work with strength, shape, speed, friction using all sorts of theories, but may not be taught to work with requirements, architecture, testing, and engineering justifications. That is why a good physicist can be a good specialist in the strength of materials, but not be a good engineer - he has knowledge about engineering objects, but not about engineering itself.

To teach engineering as such is to teach how the course of engineering development works, what are the basic concepts of the subject area of ​​engineering itself (and not the subject area that describes the physics and algorithms of the engineering object being created): how the engineering project works as a whole and how the design unfolds in time / design / programming, manufacturing and deployment of the target system, and not just how the created system works.

Unscientific engineering. Heuristics

Knowledge of engineering itself (how to do something) and knowledge of engineering objects (installations, structures, vehicles, computers, etc.) can be both scientific and unscientific. Engineering is born and lives by trial and error, its knowledge transferred from project to project about itself (how to do something) and about its engineering facilities are not necessarily “scientific”. So the definition of engineering as “bringing scientific knowledge into practice” is simply incorrect, although science is used where it is.

The Discussion of the Method engineering researcher Billy Koen gave an example: if in the Middle Ages people came to an engineer with a request to build a bridge, but he would have refused on the grounds that they would be invented only 200 years later - what about such an engineer? Or if a modern engineer, when asked to build a rocket flying to the Moon or Mars, would abandon the project on the grounds that a sufficiently detailed “theory of the moon” or “theory of Mars” has not yet been created? Or, if it is necessary to create a robot, an engineer suddenly says that “there is no theory about what to do to create a robot yet, so I don’t know what to do in what order, so we’ll wait until scientists have a corresponding section of engineering theory. ”. Refusals on such grounds are not peculiar to engineers, they are not stopped by the lack of scientific knowledge of what they do.

What do mechanical engineers do?

Mechanical engineering combines creativity, knowledge and analytical tools to accomplish the daunting task of turning ideas into reality. This in turn affects everyone and everything.

Mechanical engineers have tremendous opportunities, and their education reflects this breadth of subjects. Students focus on one area, developing analytical and problem-solving skills applicable to any engineering situation software engineering salary.

Duties of a mechanical engineer

Run simulations to test designs before building them

Prototype testing of electrical components

Development of more efficient automotive and aircraft engines, including electric motors

Supervise the production of their designs to ensure they meet manufacturing safety and reliability standards.

Disciplines in mechanical engineering include the following;

Acoustics

Aerospace industry

automation

Automotive

Autonomous systems

Biotechnology

composites

Computer-aided design (CAD)

Control systems

Information Security

Design

Energy

Ergonomics

Human health

Manufacturing and additive manufacturing

Mechanics

Nanotechnology

Production planning

Robotics

Structural Analysis

How much does a mechanical engineer earn?

Mechanical engineers are well paid, as are careers in many other fields of mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers earn significantly above average at every stage of their careers when compared to other fields. The average salary for a mechanical engineer, according to the  US Department of Labor , is $ 89,800 131,350, with the top ten percent earning up to $ XNUMX XNUMX.

Mechanical Engineering Job Prospects

The employment of mechanical engineers is projected to grow by 4 percent over the next ten years, above the average for all occupations. Mechanical engineers can work in many industries and on many types of projects. As a result, their growth rates will differ from the industries in which they operate.

Mechanical engineers are forecast to grow faster than average in engineering services as companies continue to contract with these firms. Mechanical engineers will also continue to be involved in various industries, especially the automotive industry. These engineers will play a key role in improving the range and performance of hybrid and electric vehicles. However, declining employment in some manufacturing industries moderate the overall growth in the employment of mechanical engineers.

The system administrator manages the servers of an organization

System administrator (whether it is a company, an association, an administration) while ensuring their security. 

He is called upon to analyze, implement, operate and manage software, telecommunications, networks and computer systems at all stages of a life cycle.

Main tasks

Everything related to servers! That is to say installation and uninstallation, configuration, maintenance, updates and backups ... More precisely: high paying entry level jobs  

Install software, patches and updates to operating systems;

Analyze, diagnose and resolve system equipment, software and network problems;

Configure, optimize, tune and monitor operating system software and servers;

Ensure system backups and recoveries;

Complete server updates.

Note that the tasks may vary depending on whether it is a small or a large structure.

The functions of the system administrator can be more or less extensive, and the position can be internal or external. In some cases, it will be there from the design stage of the network or it will have to work on an already existing network.

Training

Employers often look for a candidate with a bachelor's degree in computer science or a related field, but some employers may accept a college degree or technical training certificate. 

In short, there is not a single clear path that leads to this career. The main thing is to love computers, mathematics and logic!

Here are some general training courses:

A university course (example: Bachelor's degree in computer science and software engineering);

Computer training concluded with a college diploma (DEC);

An attestation of collegial studies (AEC) in computer science;

A vocational studies diploma (DEP) in IT support.

Many system administrators then specialize in specific software and operating systems during their experiments.

Skills

The systems administrator has problem solving, analytical and communication skills in addition to in-depth technical knowledge of the employer's computer systems and software.

Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA), Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) or Sun Certified System Administrator (SCSA) certifications are assets for employers.

A quick overview of the essential qualities that will allow you to shine in the profession!

Excellent IT culture

Very good knowledge of internet technologies and operating systems

Managerial qualities

Rigor and thoroughness

Versatility and good adaptability

Availability (we may have to resolve problems at any time)

The sense of responsibilities

Good analytical skills.

Salary

According to Statistics Canada, system administrators earn about $ 17 an hour to $ 47 an hour. The average wage is $ 31 an hour.

As for Métiers Québec, the annual salary of an intermediate systems or network administrator with 10 years of experience was estimated in 2018 at $ 61,000, and $ 80,100 for a senior administrator with the same experience. 

Needs in Quebec

Statistics Canada and Emploi Quebec agree that employment prospects are good in this trade.

As for the workplaces that a system administrator can integrate, the possibilities are endless since IT is essential in most professional fields!

According to Emploi d'avenir Québec, the profession of system administrator is in greater demand in these regions: Montérégie, large regions of Quebec and Montreal.

Wi-Fi Router - Wireless Wi-Fi Router

Wi-Fi router - from the English router, network equipment that performs the functions of a router, as well as a wireless access point. It is used to provide access to the Internet or a private computer network. Depending on the manufacturer and model, it can operate on a wired LAN, wireless LAN, or a mixed wired and wireless network. The router is designed to redirect packets between different address spaces, linking separate network segments, architectures, systems, connecting cable networks and wireless clients. Directions (routes) are determined by the administrator based on the network topology. In addition to the main task of redirecting, routers can act as firewalls and filters.

With the development and distribution of Wi-Fi wireless networks, routers have acquired the appropriate capabilities - they are equipped with a Wi-Fi adapter, changes have been made to the software, which allows a user of any level to quickly organize a home network without laying wires and additional equipment. Wireless connection speed varies depending on equipment used and IEEE 802.11 standards supported

How to choose a Wi-Fi router

To choose the right router, you need to determine which parameters are most important. It is worth considering with what equipment and in what conditions the router will work, the need for additional capabilities or technical features. So, the main factors to pay attention to:

Type of connection to the global Internet You need to understand how you get access to the Internet from your provider. Most often it is a telephone line or Ethernet cable, for mobile access you can also use 3G / 4G. Accordingly, you may need a specific port. In addition, it is better to check with the provider about the mandatory requirements for the equipment used.

Wireless standards supported by the equipment used. There are several Wi-Fi standards - currently relevant: 802.11b / g, which provides connectivity at speeds up to 54 Mbit / s, 802.11n draft - up to 150 Mbit / s, 802.11n - up to 300 Mbit / s. Naturally, you can take the maximum, but this parameter affects the cost of the router and makes it possible to save money.

Signal strength and stability can significantly affect your connection speed. The more walls and partitions in the room, as well as the remoteness of the connection points, the stronger the signal should be. This parameter is influenced by the number of connected antennas, their power, as well as the ability to connect external antennas.

Available interfaces - pay attention to: wlan

the number and speed of Ethernet ports, affects the number of devices connected via cable and the connection speed

USB port defines connectivity: USB sticks, printers, MFPs, external modems

Functionality - an important factor is the ability to configure security, encryption protocols, the presence of a firewall, filters, traffic limitation capabilities. It is also worth considering the ease of administration, the availability of support for an accessible interface language.

IPTV support is a popular service provided by Internet service providers.

Brand - it is better to choose a model from the line of a well-known manufacturer, it can be MERCUSYS ,  D-Link, TP-link , TOTOLINK , Zyxel, which provide good support for their products - you can easily find all the necessary information, necessary drivers, software updates, reviews.

The entire range of Wi Fi routers on the Network Technologies website can be viewed in the category .

How to connect a Wi-Fi router to the network

To connect the router to the network, you must select a location. It is better if it will be some kind of central, equidistant point in the room, which will provide a good signal level for all possible connection points. The Internet is connected to the corresponding port, it can be either an ADSL socket or a dedicated Ethernet port. Devices without a Wi-Fi adapter, computers in the immediate vicinity are connected to the free ports of the built-in switch.

Connecting wireless devices requires initial router configuration. You will need a computer / laptop and a patch cord. Once set up, you will have a network name and password that will be required to connect to the network. Registration data must be specified on each device once. 

Benefits of using:

Convenient access to the Internet at good speed, at relatively low one-time costs

Ability to distribute network access to several devices (if necessary, according to certain rules)

Protection of the local network and devices from external threats using a firewall (if available)

3G Wi-Fi router allows you to connect laptops, tablets without an appropriate module to the network using the 3G protocol.

Wireless routers have become widespread due to the ratio of ease of use and relatively low cost. Opportunities and quality characteristics are constantly being improved to meet the growing needs of consumers and developing technologies.

Reservation system: manage allotments sensibly

Do you use an online reservation system? Congratulations on this decision! Not only can your guests make reservations with you at any time, you will save a lot of time when used correctly. Time that you can devote to your guests contingent meaning.

But what does correctly mean? What is the perfect balance between controlling incoming reservations and saving you time? And how do you manage your allotments sensibly?

How does the reservation work with the contingent?

You define a number of places that the reservation system can allocate. This is the so-called contingent. You can assign a different quota to each shift.

Let us assume that your current shift has a contingent of 20 places and no reservation. If you now receive a reservation request for four people, the system will automatically confirm this and deduct the four places from the allotment.

This continues until your quota is used up or the latest reservation time you have defined has been reached.

How many places should I make available online?

This depends entirely on the needs of you and your restaurant. Do you have many regular customers who will never reserve? Then it should not be possible to reserve these places via a contingent.

Are you lying in the pedestrian zone and many guests drop by spontaneously? Take this into account!

Or are you regularly fully booked, often days in advance? That calls for a high quota.

Pedestrian zone

These are just some of the things you should think about before setting your quota. Basically, however, the following applies: What can be regulated via the quota saves you work. The entire process, from accepting the reservation to confirming it to the guest, works automatically.

If you are working with a reservation system for the first time, you have to find the ideal number. We recommend an initial contingent of 50 - 60% of your places.

You should also think carefully about how many places you want to vacate at what times. After all, not all guests should be on the mat at 7 p.m. sharp. Or?

What happens when my quota is used up?

As soon as your allotment has been used up or the latest reservation time you have defined has been reached, you have two options:

You can have the reservations forwarded to your phone through a system called IVR.

A message appears in the system that there are no more places available online and that guests should report to the restaurant directly.

If you have the reservations forwarded to your telephone, you have the option of accepting or rejecting a reservation at the push of a button. As soon as you do not want to accept any further reservations, you can block the shift directly via your phone or via your forAtable account.

Can I adjust the quota per day?

Of course you can. You can even enter a quota per shift. For example, if you serve two shifts in the evening, you still want to give guests on the first shift the opportunity to extend their visit.

Here, too, it pays to consider the different needs of your guests. 

How do I know whether my quota is ideally set?

If you have the IVR option activated, this is a good indicator. Do you receive many inquiries via IVR and approve them? A clear sign to increase the quota.

5 facts about online education 2020

Everyone stayed at home for a long time, which means there was more free time to learn new skills. And naturally the demand for Ed-Tech has grown exponentially. This means that 2020 has become a high point for this industry. If earlier it was growing steadily, now it is developing by leaps and bounds. 

During the period of self-isolation, the number of online university students has grown significantly - 4.5 times only in Skillbox. It is also noted that 40 +% more homework completed. The case when “I forgot at home” is no longer an excuse statement of work example. 

The surge in interest in online education is supported by data from a Google study . For example, daily views for videos using "home school" increased by 120% when compared to early 2020. And online course requests increased by 70 +% when measured in late-early April. 

Even before self-isolation, the online education industry was forecast to grow. Ed-Tech in Russia is annually increasing by 20-25 +%, and by the end of 2020 the volume will be 60 billion rubles. It is possible that this number will increase. In 2019 alone, Skillbox's revenue reached 1 billion rubles. 

The burden on online education has also multiplied. During self-isolation, Skillbox students watched over 1 million lessons, and 100 new courses were launched. Only after the opening of free access to 8 courses, more than 100,000+ users signed up. 

Skillbox also noticed a positive dynamics of interest in webinars - by 100-150 +%. One of the most popular topics is software development and game design - demand is 30 +%. 

Obviously, the Ed-Tech industry is on the wave. For several months of being removed, she managed to get far ahead. Online education platforms have received a manifold increase in their audience, which will have a positive impact on their further development. Even more strengthened its position and Skillbox.

But such results could not have been achieved without operational changes. Getting an opportunity is half the battle; it is also important to realize its full potential.  

Therefore, Igor Koropov, co-owner and product director of the Skillbox online university, will come to Callday 2020 to discuss how we managed to survive and even grow this year. 

Register right now with other entrepreneurs for the largest online conference about Russian business, management and technology in 2020. We are sure that you have something to share with your colleagues and the speaker. 

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FIREWALL RULES: HOW TO CLEAN UP?

While every company needs to work on its own risks, there are still some general guidelines for configuring and general use of firewalls. So, the first step is to set up a formal process for testing the settings and configuring the firewall. This process must take into account the aforementioned changes in the IT landscape.

In general, the minimum access and connection permissions should be assigned to the firewall configuration. The smaller the circle of persons with access, the lower the potential security risks. In addition to firewalls, consider also firewalls for applications, cloud technologies and mobile devices. When checking, you should look not only to see if the appropriate firewalls are active, but also to see if they are correctly configured - this will also help to set up a formal process. If changes are made to the firewall configuration, they should be verified and not least documented. Checks should be performed regularly and, ideally, the protocols should be evaluated on a double-check basis. If you are using the firewall auditing tools, check if the tool can optimize the firewall configuration.

In addition, you should check if this tool actually supports all the firewalls your company works with. The configuration of such tools should ideally be tested in a test environment by answering the following questions: network firewall security

Will there be notifications about incorrect settings?

Is the tool suitable for the hardware and software firewalls you are using?

Is it possible to draw meaningful conclusions from the instrument's reports?

Are these reports securely protected from unauthorized access?

FIREWALL RULES: HOW TO CLEAN UP?

As you already understood, the list of filtering rules is one of the most important aspects of a firewall. Therefore, it is important to regularly clear this list of unnecessary and bring it in line with safety requirements at a given time. Of course, a lot depends on your personal circumstances, but there are some general rules that will suit everyone.

Many rules build up over time, and especially when multiple administrators are running the same firewall, you may experience performance issues, complicate maintenance, and increase security threats. Therefore, it is important to follow the PCI-DSS standards, which involve removing unnecessary rules and objects. These include the following:

Cleaning up unused, expired and conflicting rules

Unused connections: if the rules specify unused routers and you should remove

Naming rules: Write down the purpose of the rules and stick to them so that everyone understands them. Choose logical formats for names, for example, Computer Name _IP for nodes.

Duplicates: You should also remove duplicate objects and rules, such as services or nodes that appear repeatedly under different names.

Long rule sets: Try to break down long rule sets into easily readable pieces. For example, add a maximum of 20 rules to the set. Avoid superimposing rules on top of each other in order to simplify them.

Documentation: Rules, changes, names and objects should be documented and stored securely.

Compliance policy: After defining the policy, test it using the audit report.

Rule Priority: Frequently used rules should appear at the top of the list. Many firewalls process packets based on optimized algorithms, for which the order of rules is irrelevant. If your router is not one of them, you should sort the rules by priority so as not to lose visibility.

Separate Firewall and VPN: Separate firewalls and VPNs so that VPN does not interfere with the performance of your firewall.

Software Updates: Software updates often have security, performance, and functionality benefits. To prevent attackers from exploiting old security holes, pay attention to the timely updating of the firewall.

Interface: The interface of the firewall must be matched with the interfaces of the switch and router, i.e. if your router is operating in half duplex mode, the firewall should also be set to half duplex. Ideally, the firewall and switch should have the same duplex and speed. 

Free and Almost Free CompTIA A+ Certification

Depending on where you live and what sponsorships you qualify for, special programs may be available to help you get trained and certified for free (or nearly free). Such programs are usually geared toward one or more of the following groups: comptia a+ jobs near me

Unemployed or under-employed individuals

Displaced workers

Military veterans

Ethnic minorities

Women

Typically, such free training programs fall into one of two categories: government-sponsored programs and nonprofit charitable programs.

Government-Sponsored IT Training

These are programs that are typically funded with federal dollars and advertised through your county’s workforce investment board or your local American Jobs Center. To search for local training programs, go to Career One Stop.

Nonprofit Charitable Programs

These programs are scattered throughout the United States and may be a bit harder to locate. Here are a few on our radar (and if you learn of others, please let us know):

Per Scholas: Locations in New York City, National Capital Region, Cincinnati, Columbus, Atlanta and Dallas.

IT-Ready from Creating IT Futures: Locations in Minneapolis-St. Paul and varying cities. Visit the location page for a list of current training sites that are accepting applications.

Stride Center: Located in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Tech901: Located exclusively in Memphis.

Because these programs typically exist to prepare people for entry-level IT jobs (such as help desk and technical support) they typically reject applicants who already have such a job and are just looking to add a certification to their resume.

As you can imagine, competition for such programs is often fierce. But, if you live in one of the areas where free training is offered and fall into a group that such programs are trying to help, it may be worth applying

Average Salary for CompTIA Network+ Professionals [Updated 2021]

The CompTIA Network+ (Network Plus) certification is the perfect program for budding IT professionals looking to pursue a career installing, managing and troubleshooting different networks over a variety of platforms. The CompTIA Network+ certification is one of the top vendor-neutral certifications in the industry today and recognizes the holders ability to install networking components, comprehend various functionalities and configure, as well as troubleshoot, basic networking hardware, services, and protocols.

It’s not a prerequisite, but it is recommended that you possess basic knowledge of the Windows OS and Networking before prepping for the exam. A minimum of nine months of work experience related to network support or administration would be an added advantage too. In the last decade or so, there has been a rise in demand for skilled network support/ administration professionals and this demand is expected to grow further in the years to come. In such a growth oriented market, the Network+ certification will help set you apart from the rest and is an invaluable stepping stone for career growth.

Why CompTIA Network+ is so popular comptia a+ jobs

The CompTIA Network+ certification is not only one of the top IT certifications, but is an internationally recognized validation of technical knowledge and skills possessed by IT network practitioners.

Some of the top global organizations like HP, Dell, Sharp, Ricoh, and Xerox require or recommend networking technicians with CompTIA Network+ certifications. The Network plus is also a technical prerequisite that is recognized by the U.S. Department of Defense.

Average Pay after CompTIA Network+ Certification

Once you have a CompTIA Network+ certification your average annual salary will be $74,000. In fact, the national salary trend for Network+ certification has been on the rise since July 2012 as seen in the following graph:

network+1

The salary of certified network professionals will vary according to their job role, experience, and the organizations they are working with. A networking professional with less than 1 year of experience will get a median annual salary of $45,200. The salary will increase as the experience grows and the median will increase significantly for those with 10 years or experience or even more.

Job titles for CompTIA network+ certified professionals

The Entry level position for a CompTIA network+ certified professional include networks administrator, data center technician, and IT support specialists. The mid level positions include Information Technology (IT) Manager, system administrator, Support Technician, Information Technology (IT), and Technical Support Specialist. The senior positions include Senior Systems Engineer (Computer Networking and IT) and Senior Systems Manager IT.

System Administrator Remote Work / IT Technician / Engineer

Vacancy description

We are seeking a detail-oriented, thorough, and organized IT technician to join our team. In this position, you will play a key role in providing support for all areas of IT. You will update systems, troubleshoot problems, and provide hands-on support for our customers and within our organization. Higher Tier support engineers will be expected to handle and manage customers' IT projects, data and email migrations, IT infrastructure design and setup.

IT Technician Duties and Responsibilities: a+ certification jobs

Process IT Support calls.

Keep systems up-to-date through operating systems upgrades.

Monitor networking equipment and servers.

Assist with the design, implementation, and ongoing support of new software and features.

Monitor web performance, network availability, and security.

Oversee troubleshooting for system errors.

Provide helpdesk support for network issues.

Monitor and regularly update the ticket system.

Provide technical support either by phone, remote access or site visits as needed.

Respond to IT issues; hardware maintenance, software, networking, etc.

Be available for after-hours support on a monthly scheduled rotation.

Evaluate connectivity issues, equipment, and software.

Modify configurations, utilities, software, etc.

Set up equipment for new users.

Install, test, and monitor servers, firewalls, and new software.

Perform and monitor data backups.

Install and update network system improvements as needed.

Assist with Servers, LAN/WAN technologies, computer repair/troubleshooting software, networks, virus protection, Wi-Fi technology, and more.

Resolve user tickets regarding hardware, software, and networking.

Walk customers through installing applications and computer peripherals.

Guide users with simple, step-by-step instructions.

Conduct troubleshooting.

Test alternative pathways until you resolve an issue.

Direct unresolved issues to the next level of support personnel.

Record technical issues and solutions in ticketing tools.

Follow up with clients to ensure their systems are functional.

Report customer feedback and potential product requests.

Work with management on prioritizing and organizing work.

IT Technician Requirements and Qualifications:

High school degree or equivalent; Bachelor’s degree in computer science, information systems or related field preferred.

1-5 years of IT Support experience.

CompTIA A+, CompTIA Net+ certification or other related IT professional certification preferred.

Previous experience as a help desk technician, computer technician, or IT support.

Ability to troubleshoot and resolve multiple issues.

Ability to multitask, prioritize, and manage time efficiently.

Excellent verbal and written communication skills.

Comfortable in a diverse and fast-paced environment.

Goal-oriented, organized team player.

Experience working with network and server management support.

Up-to-date knowledge of new systems, information, software, and upgrades.

Ability to physically stand, bend, squat, and lift equipment.

Windows Operating Systems (windows 7 and Windows 10, Windows Server Editions).

Office 365 experience – deskside support.

Able to stage laptops and desktops - SCCM (or similar) for imaging and deployments.

In-depth knowledge of hardware and software.

Software and Hardware management (installation, settings, Hw spare parts replacements).

Printers and scanner set-up.

investigating, diagnosing and solving Users’ IT issues.

User account troubleshooting.

Two or four-year degree in IT-related field or equivalent experience in a Technical Support environment.

Experience with Active Directory and Office 365 Preferred.

Virus and system health remediation.

Basic understanding of fundamental networking concepts.

Familiarity with PC hardware fixes and upgrades.

Effective communication skills both verbally and in writing with superiors, colleagues, and individuals inside and outside the Company.

Possess organizational skills in a detail-oriented setting.

Strong analytical and problem-solving skills.